Saturday, October 3, 2015

Seminar #4. Refection

The theme of qualitative and quantitative methods was quite easy for me as I already know about it and used in my Bachelor thesis.  Other students in our seminar groups also were aware of qualitative and quantitative methods, so we discussed our bachelor thesis mostly.

In my thesis I used quantitative methods since I developed decision to analyzing target audience and seasonal trends in touristic agency. I analyzed sample and used statistic methods. Another members of our group used such qualitative methods as interview and questionnaire. So it was very interesting to share experience and know about research subjects of each other.

Then we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of qualitative and quantitative methods. We all agreed that key reason to decide what methods are more effective is subject of research. For example, qualitative methods are widely used for sociological and anthropological studies. In that case such qualitative methods as interview, questionnaire, and case study allow to analyze human behavior deeply while quantitative methods allow to get more general results.


After this seminar I learnt more about qualitative methods and how they can be applied in different studies. 

Friday, October 2, 2015

Theme #5 Part 2

1.     What is the 'empirical data' in these two papers?
In the first paper (Fernaeus & Tholander) data was collected using prototype. In the second paper (Lundström) data was collected by interviewing and using prototype as well. Also author analysed information gathered from online forums.
2.     Can practical design work in itself be considered a 'knowledge contribution'?
Knowledge contribution means creation new knowledge relying on previously known facts. In my opinion practical design can be considered as knowledge contribution. Practical design is created to solve certain problem, but proposed decision can be base for further research in the same or contiguous areas depending on results and conclusions that can be made using practical design.
3.     Are there any differences in design intentions within a research project, compared to design in general?
In my opinion design intentions within a research paper aim to answer certain questions, prove hypothesis and are intended to influence on research subject or supplement it in certain way. Basically design within research project has contribution on knowledge. Design in general can be aim to satisfy users’ needs, or has just commercial application and don’t have contribution on knowledge.
4.     Is research in tech domains such as these ever replicable? How may we account for aspects such as time/historical setting, skills of the designers, available tools, etc? 
I think that development of technology made research replicable. For instance, it’s possible to use the same software, tools, and approaches. On the other hand, the same research cannot be replicate in another period of time due to new theories and new knowledges. Designers skills are very individual and if we are talking about design that needs exclusively human skills it would be impossible to repeat it.
5.     Are there any important differences with design driven research compared to other research practices?

I think that the main difference is that design driven research is based on observation of users’ behavior and it uses qualitative research methods.   

Theme #5 Part 1

1.     How can media technologies be evaluated?
In this paper proposed method of media technology (experimental system) can be evaluated by several key points.
Users satisfaction – how users are comfortable with using system. Users satisfaction can be measured by questionnaire.
Efficiency – how much time and efforts the system requires to complete the task.
Effectiveness – how the system works, can be evaluated by calculation number of errors in particular period of time.

2.     What role will prototypes play in research?
Prototype as preliminary version of final product plays significant role in research. Final product is based on prototype, but can have additional facilities and improved functions. Prototype is tested in different conditions in order to reach perfect combination of functions, facilities, etc., of final product.  

3.     Why could it be necessary to develop a proof of concept prototype?
A proof of concept (POC) or a proof of principle is a realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility (Investorwords.com) . Therefore developing of a proof of concept prototype is necessary to prove the implementability and capacity of final decision (product). Proof of concept allows to probably change the direction of research before creating prototype, if, for example, feasibility is not reached.

4.     What are characteristics and limitations of prototypes?
There are pragmatic and practical limitations to the ability of a prototype to match the intended final performance of the product and some allowances and engineering judgments are often required before moving forward with a production design (Modelling and Simulation Fundamentals. John A. Sokolowski, ‎Catherine M. Banks). 
Investigation of prototype’s limitation allows to develop certain characteristics of final product. The goal is to understand the limitations of prototype and to lower the risk of failure of final model. So limitations of ability to match prototype with intended product have to be studied before developing the final product.

5.     How can design research be communicated/presented?
Design research presentation depends on subject of research. I think that design can be presented by prototype, sketches, photos, videos.

Sources:
1. Investorwords.com
2. Modelling and Simulation Fundamentals. John A. Sokolowski, ‎Catherine M. Banks

Saturday, September 26, 2015

Seminar #3. Reflection

During the seminar we were trying to answer the questions “What is the theory?” and “What is the hypothesis”.
After discussion in group we made a conclusion that the scientific theory is based on observation and aimed to explain what had happened. The simplest example is theory of gravitation: first, it was observed that things all the time fall down and then explained how it worked.
There are philosophical theories based on ideas and scientific theories based on empirical data. The goal of creation theory is not just explain the phenomena, but find the truth. Even if we are talking about scientific theory, truth is always relative even if it used empirical data. So the truth can be find just through philosophical discussions and explanation of results.
It was unclear for me to understand the difference between theory and hypothesis and define what comes first theory or hypothesis. Hypothesis is connected with theory, but related to narrow subject. I can say that hypothesis is a guess how objects relate to each other. Basically, hypothesis is a statement that should be approved or disapproved by test or experiment. In group discussion we brought up the idea of “theory flow”: Theory →Brainstorm →hypothesis →methods/tests →discussion.
If I explained what theory is to first-year student, I would say that theory is framework or structured knowledge based on that framework rules that explain how and why processes or phenomena work.

After the seminar I understand better what the theory is and what the hypothesis is. I liked the definition of theory by our teacher “Theory is what practice is not.”