Friday, September 25, 2015

Theme #4 Quantitative research


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I have chosen the article “When Online Dating Partners Meet Offline: The Effect of Modality Switching on Relational Communication Between Online Daters” published in Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (Impact factor 3.117)
The aim of the research is to support the hypothesis of the correlation (curvilinear relationships) between virtual communication and perception of real communication in terms of intimacy, dominance, composure, formality and task-social orientation. The survey results support the point of the modality switching perspectives.
Which quantitative method or methods are used in the paper? Which are the benefits and limitations of using these methods?
Quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. (Wikipedia)
Following examples of quantitative methods were used in the selected paper:
Statistical sample (men and women particular age, income, level of education, race, experience of using online dating websites)
Numerical data collected from online survey (participants were asked questions and use special scale)
Using control variables (number of photos in personal profile, amount of using social media channels, initiating the first contact)
Benefits of using these methods is opportunity to prove or reject the hypothesis (in this case the hypothesis was proved). Besides using numerical data in order to explain social issues allows to generalize answers (for instance, in this case using scales allows to generalize answers about various experience of online dating). Entering control variables targets to define the most influential factors for particular survey (number of photos and social channels in this case).
I think that limitations of using these methods are conditioned by are of the survey as it’s impossible to get 100% accurate date if we are talking about social or psychological issue. Subjective answers of each participant can give definite statistics, but anyway everyone concentrate just on very negative or positive experience while answering, so number of exceptions will be huge. However, the author says “…the present study differed in several notable ways that might limit their applicability.”

What did you learn about quantitative methods from reading the paper?
I have learned that that data collection and analyzing allows to support or disprove hypothesis. Goals of quantitative methods application is to adjust mathematical model to phenomena. Measurements are crucial and let’s say core of quantitative research since measurements present empirical observations as mathematical model.

Which are the main methodological problems of the study? How could the use of the quantitative method or methods have been improved?
I cannot define any methodological problems of the study. The survey shows following results: using greater number of communicational channels and posting greater number of profile photos are associated with positive future “offline” relationship; generally user of online dating website create idealized image of potential partner. These conclusions don’t seem questionable, so I can say the proposed methodology is reasonable for this study. Anyway there are exceptions as subject of study are humans’ relationships that cannot be described in one particular way.

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The study conducted by Konstantina Kilteni, Ilias Bergstrom, and Mel Slater aims to prove the emergence of perceptual illusions of ownership in immersive reality.  During the experiment 36 participants were immersed in virtual reality and had casually dressed dark-skinned “avatar” (CD) and formally dressed white-skinned “avatar” (FL) appropriately. While participants played traditional African drums (they were free in their movements and play style), special sensors recorder their movement.
The experiment showed that those who had CD avatar had more variations of performance and higher frequencies of movements to compare with FL avatars. Besides, participants’ behavior “in virtual body” doesn’t depend on demographic or gender differences.
Thus, according to the survey results participants’ behavior changes correlates with experience of body ownership illusion.
The authors used qualitative methods such as observation and interviewing.

Which are the benefits and limitations of using quantitative methods?
I think that the main benefit of using quantitative methods is possibility to describe processes or phenomena by mathematical model thereby to get empirical support of hypothesis. So quantitative methods allows to get accurate and independent results. Besides, results can be generalized. Also quantitative methods allows to easily define influence of different factors by changing or entering new variables. Formal and standardized approach can be applicable for different cases.
Limitations of quantitative methods are impossibility to describe everything using mathematical formalism. When quantitative methods are used for sociological, psychological, etc. research it might be difficult to get accurate results as assigning variables and using scales are not always simple in that cases. Another limitation is that methods are not flexible and limited by mathematical rules.

Which are the benefits and limitations of using qualitative methods?
Qualitative methods are widely used to describe human behavior. Examples of qualitative methods are behavior observation, interviewing, and case study. These methods are limited by imagination of researcher and interpretation of the results can be subjective. Moreover, behavior of participants of survey is also individual and caused by different factors that quite difficult to consider. Qualitative methods allows to analyze in-depth the behavior of limited sample while quantitative methods allow to get general results. (The advantages and limitations of qualitative research in psychology and education, Christine Griffin)

Sources:
1. Wikipedia

2. The advantages and limitations of qualitative research in psychology and education, Christine Griffin.

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